Efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) na produção in vivo e na maturação in vitro de oócitos bovinos da raça Sindi / Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the in vivo production and in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes of the Sindi breed

A fim de avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses da rbST sobre a dinâmica folicular, a produção e a maturação in vitro de oócitos, 20 vacas Sindi, divididas em três grupos, receberam um dispositivo de progesterona intravaginal, estradiol e PGF2α, além de 2mL de solução salina (grupo controle), 250 (grupo rbST 250) ou 500mg de rbST (grupo rbST 500). Cinco dias depois, realizou-se a ovum pick up, e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) recuperados foram selecionados, classificados e maturados in vitro. Os dados de contagem foram comparados pelo procedimento glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test), e os dados em porcentagem foram submetidos ao qui-quadrado, no programa estatístico R, onde as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos quanto à quantidade de folículos e à taxa de maturação. Os grupos rbST 250 e rbST 500 foram significativamente superiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle em relação ao número de folículos grandes (0,42±0,20 vs. 0). O grupo rbST 500 apresentou maior (P<0,05) porcentagem de oócitos viáveis (91,52%) do que os grupos controle (67,85%) e rbST 250 (53,33%). A rbST aumenta o número de folículos grandes, e 500mg de rbST aumentam a porcentagem de oócitos viáveis em vacas Sindi.(AU)

In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of rbST on the follicular dynamics, production, and in vitro maturation of oocytes, 20 Sindhi cows were divided into three groups, receiving an intravaginal progesterone device, estradiol and PGF2α, and 2mL of solution saline (Control Group), 250 (rbST 250 Group) or 500mg rbST (rbST 500 Group). Five days later, the ovum pick up was performed, and the cumulus-oocyte (CCO) complexes recovered were selected, classified, and matured in vitro. The counting data were compared by the glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test) procedure, and the percentage data were submitted to Qui- square, in the statistical program R, where differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between the groups regarding follicle quantity and maturation rate. The rbST 250 and rbST 500 groups were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Control group in relation to the number of large follicles (0.42±0.20 versus 0). The rbST 500 group presented higher (P< 0.05) percentage of viable oocytes (91.52%) than the Control (67.85%) and rbST 250 (53.33%) groups. rbST increases the number of large follicles and 500mg rbST increases the percentage of viable oocytes in Sindhi cows.(AU)

Evaluation of the malaria elimination policy in Brazil: a systematic review and epidemiological analysis study

@#After a centenary fight against malaria, Brazil has seen an opportunity for change with the proposal of the malaria elimination policy set by the Brazilian government, in line with malaria elimination policies in other Latin American countries. Brazilian malaria experts regard eliminating malaria by 2030 to be within reach. Herein we evaluated the likelihood that malaria elimination can be accomplished in Brazil through systematic review of the literature on malaria elimination in Brazil and epidemiological analysis. Fifty-two articles referring to malaria eradication/elimination in Brazil were analyzed to identify challenges and technological breakthroughs for controlling malaria. Monthly deaths (1979–2016) and monthly severe malaria cases (1998–2018) were analyzed according to age groups, geographic region and parasite species. As a result, we observed that the declining malaria burden was mostly attributable to a decline in Plasmodium falciparum-malaria. At the same time, the proportional increase of Plasmodium vivax-malaria in comparison with P. falciparum-malaria was notable. This niche replacement mechanism was discussed in the reviewed literature. In addition, the challenges to P. vivax-malaria elimination outnumbered the available technological breakthroughs. Although accumulated and basic information exists on mosquito vector biology, the lack of specific knowledge about mosquito vector taxonomy and ecology may hamper current attempts at stopping malaria in the country. An impressive reduction in malaria hospitalizations and mortality was seen in Brazil in the past 3 decades. Eliminating malaria deaths in children less than 5 years and P. falciparum severe cases may be achievable goals under the current malaria policy until 2030. However, eliminating P. vivax malaria transmission and morbidity seems unattainable with the available tools. Therefore, complete malaria elimination in Brazil in the near future is unlikely.

Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to Streptococcus equi infection in an adult horse - case report / Osteomielite vertebral cervical secundária à infecção por Streptococcus equi em um cavalo adulto - relato de caso

A 15-year-old, mixed breed, male horse was attended with a history of multiple abscesses in the cervical region with a three-year evolution. Upon admission, three fistulous tracts with drainage of purulent secretions in the cervical region, low body score, restriction of cervical movements, and painful sensitivity to palpation were observed. The horse was diagnosed with osteomyelitis secondary to Streptococcus equi infection. The initial treatment was antibiotic therapy and local curative. Owing to the lack of response, surgical debridement was performed. An initial favorable response was observed; however, after 4 months, drainage recurred, and the animal was euthanized. A post-mortem computed tomography scan was performed to obtain details of the injury. Cervical osteomyelitis is rare, and its occurrence through hematogenous spread in adult horses and the tomographic findings had not been reported previously. The long period of evolution, difficulty in performing an aggressive debridement, and the presence of multi-drug resistant bacteria contributed to the negative outcome.(AU)

Um equino macho, sem raça definida, de 15 anos de idade, foi atendido com histórico de múltiplos abscessos cervicais com evolução de três anos. Na admissão, foram observados: três trajetos fistulosos com drenagem de material purulento na região cervical; baixo escore corporal; restrição de movimentos cervicais; e sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação da região. Foi diagnosticada osteomielite vertebral cervical secundária à infecção por Streptococcus equi. O tratamento inicial consistiu na administração de antibióticos e curativo local. Na ausência de resposta à terapia, realizou-se o debridamento cirúrgico. Inicialmente, obteve-se uma resposta favorável, entretanto, após quatro meses, houve recidiva da lesão e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. Realizou-se tomografia computadorizada no post mortem para detalhamento da lesão. A osteomielite vertebral cervical é rara, e sua ocorrência por meio de disseminação hematógena em animais adultos não foi previamente reportada. O longo período de evolução, aliado à dificuldade de realização de um debridamento agressivo, e a característica multirresistente do agente etiológico contribuíram para o desfecho negativo do caso.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais do complexo gengivite-estomatite em gatos domés / Clinic and laboratorial profile of Gingivostomatitis Complex in domestic cats

Foram incluídos 76 gatos domésticos com diferentes graus (I a IV) de lesões em cavidade oral, os quais foram avaliados clinicamente e tiveram coletadas amostras de sangue e suabes da cavidade oral. A maioria dos gatos portadores de CGE eram machos, castrados, adultos, sem raça definida e com estilo de vida confinado. Os sinais clínicos observados e associados à gravidade da inflamação na cavidade oral foram halitose (98,7%); ptialismo (22,4%); hemorragia bucal (9,2%) e úlcera na parte superior dos lábios (2,6%); desconforto à manipulação da cavidade oral (44,7%) e perda dentária (55,3%). A maioria dos gatos avaliados foi classificada no grau II (43,4%). Não se observou diferença significativa nos resultados do eritrograma dos gatos portadores de CGE, independentemente da gravidade das lesões e da sintomatologia clínica. Entretanto, observou-se neutrofilia (21,1%) e aumento de proteínas plasmáticas totais (47,3%), na maioria dos animais de grau II, sugerindo que esses parâmetros laboratoriais, quando aumentados, possam estar associados a graus menos graves de CGE. A análise das lâminas de citologia da cavidade oral dos gatos demonstrou que a presença de Simonsiella spp. foi mais frequente nos animais incluídos no grau IV, entretanto não é possível afirmar que essa bactéria esteja relacionada à gravidade das lesões.(AU)

Seventy six domestic cats classified with different scores (I to IV) of oral lesions have been included in the study, being clinically examined and having blood samples and oral cavity swabs collected. Most cats diagnosed with Gingivostomatitis Complex (GSC) were male, neutered, adult, DSH, and lived confined. Clinical signs observed and related to the severity of mouth inflammation were halitosis (98.7%), ptyalism (22.4%), oral hemorrhage (9.2%), and upper lip ulcers (2.6%); discomfort during mouth examination (44.7%) and tooth loss (55,3%). Most cats have been classified as score II (43.4%). The red blood cell count showed no significant statistical difference regardless the different scores of oral lesions and clinical symptoms. However, the leukogram showed neutrophilia (21.1%) and plasmatic proteins had an increased level (47.3%), in most of the animals classified as score II, suggesting that these parameters, when increased, may be associated to less severe GSC scores. Oral cavity microscope slides analysis showed that Simonsiella spp. have been more frequent in the cytology of the score IV animals, however, it does not allow us to correlate the presence of the bacteria with the severity lesions degree.(AU)

Seventy six domestic cats classified with different scores (I to IV) of oral lesions have been included in the study, being clinically examined and having blood samples and oral cavity swabs collected. Most cats diagnosed with Gingivostomatitis Complex (GSC) were male, neutered, adult, DSH, and lived confined. Clinical signs observed and related to the severity of mouth inflammation were halitosis (98.7%), ptyalism (22.4%), oral hemorrhage (9.2%), and upper lip ulcers (2.6%); discomfort during mouth examination (44.7%) and tooth loss (55,3%). Most cats have been classified as score II (43.4%). The red blood cell count showed no significant statistical difference regardless the different scores of oral lesions and clinical symptoms. However, the leukogram showed neutrophilia (21.1%) and plasmatic proteins had an increased level (47.3%), in most of the animals classified as score II, suggesting that these parameters, when increased, may be associated to less severe GSC scores. Oral cavity microscope slides analysis showed that Simonsiella spp. have been more frequent in the cytology of the score IV animals, however, it does not allow us to correlate the presence of the bacteria with the severity lesions degree.(AU)

Effects of Lippia sidoides essential oil, thymol, p-cymene, myrcene and caryophyllene on rat sciatic nerve excitability

Lippia sidoides Cham is a typical herb species of Northeast Brazil with widespread use in folk medicine. The major constituents of the essential oil of L. sidoides (EOLs) are thymol, p-cymene, myrcene, and caryophyllene. Several studies have shown that the EOLs and its constituents have pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effects of the EOLs and their main constituents on rat sciatic nerve excitability. The sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats were dissected and mounted in a moist chamber. Nerves were stimulated by square wave pulses, with an amplitude of 40 V, duration of 100 μs to 0.2 Hz. Both EOLs and thymol inhibited compound action potential (CAP) in a concentration-dependent manner. Half maximal inhibitory concentration for CAP peak-to-peak amplitude blockade were 67.85 and 40 µg/mL for EOLs and thymol, respectively. CAP peak-to-peak amplitude was significantly reduced by concentrations ≥60 µg/mL for EOLs and ≥30 µg/mL for thymol. EOLs and thymol in the concentration of 60 µg/mL significantly increased chronaxie and rheobase. The conduction velocities of 1st and 2nd CAP components were also concentration-dependently reduced by EOLs and thymol in the range of 30-100 µg/mL. Differently from EOLs and thymol, p-cymene, myrcene and caryophyllene did not reduce CAP in the higher concentrations of 10 mM. These data demonstrated that EOLs and thymol inhibited neuronal excitability and were promising agents for the development of new drugs for therapeutic use.

Prevalencia de complicaciones y factores predisponentes en cirugía ginecológica por patología benigna en el hospital universitario San Ignacio: Bogotá, Colombia / Prevalence of complications and predisposing factors in gynecological surgery due to benign pathology at the San Ignacio university hospital: Bogotá, Colombia

ANTECEDENTES: Los procedimientos quirúrgicos implican complicaciones de todo tipo, su pronto diagnóstico y manejo depende del pronóstico del paciente. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de las complicaciones en cirugía ginecológica por patología benigna en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio y los factores de riesgo predisponentes. MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal en 200 pacientes, entre 18 a 74 años, en las que se realizó procedimientos de cirugía ginecológica de patología benigna, tanto de abordaje abierto como laparoscópico desde enero a julio de 2013. Se hicieron regresiones logísticas binomiales de complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias con las variables independientes, posteriormente se aplicó un modelo multivariado para establecer los factores asociados. RESULTADOS: El procedimiento más realizado fue la histerectomía abdominal total en un 46% y la vía de abordaje más utilizada fue la abdominal en el 65% de los casos. Se encontró una prevalencia de complicaciones del 12,5% siendo mayores el 7,5% y menores el 6%. Hubo un 1% de lesión vesical, 1% lesión intestinal y 4% de requerimiento de transfusión sanguínea. En cuanto a los resultados del modelo multivariado, se identificaron como variables relacionadas, la diabetes mellitus, la anticoagulación crónica, la miomatosis uterina, el síndrome adherencial severo y los procedimientos de urgencia. CONCLUSIONES: El porcentaje de complicaciones en nuestra institución es similar a otros estudios y se determinaron factores relacionados a su aparición. Es pertinente continuar la investigación sobre este tema y su divulgación, así como diseñar estrategias de prevención.

BACKGROUND: Surgical procedures involve risks and complications, a prompt diagnosis and appropriate managementcould modify patient's prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of complications in gynecological surgery at Hospital San Ignacio and the associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 200 patients aged between 18-74 years who required gynecological surgery (open or laparoscopic approach) in Hospital San Ignacio from January to December 2013. A binomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications with the independent variables and a multivariate model was used to establish the related factors. RESULTS: The most frequent procedure was abdominal hysterectomy (46%), the most common approach was abdominal in 65% of cases. Prevalence of surgical complications was 12.5%, 7.5% remained serious and 6% non-serious. Of the surgical complications that resulted, we found 1% had bladder injuries, 1% had bowel injuries, 4% required blood transfusions. The multivariate model showed a relationship with diabetes mellitus, anticoagulation, uterine fibroids, severe adherence syndrome and emergency surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of complications in our institution is similar to other studies. Factors related to its occurrence were identified, however it's necessary to conduct further studies and research in order to develop prevention strategies.

Essential oil of Lippia alba and its main constituent citral block the excitability of rat sciatic nerves

Lippia alba is empirically used for infusions, teas, macerates, and hydroalcoholic extracts because of its antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic effects. Citral is a mixture of trans-geranial and cis-neral and is the main constituent of L. alba essential oil and possesses analgesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative effects. The present study evaluated the effects of the essential oil of L. alba (EOLa) and citral on compound action potentials (CAPs) in Wistar rat sciatic nerves. Both drugs inhibited CAP in a concentration-dependent manner. The calculated half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of peak-to-peak amplitude were 53.2 µg/mL and 35.00 µg/mL (or 230 µM) for EOLa and citral, respectively. Peak-to-peak amplitude of the CAP was significantly reduced by 30 µg/mL EOLa and 10 µg/mL citral. EOLa and citral (at 60 and 30 µg/mL, values close to their respective IC50 for CAP blockade) significantly increased chronaxy and rheobase. The conduction velocity of the first and second CAP components was statistically reduced to ∼86% of control with 10 µg/mL EOLa and ∼90% of control with 3 µg/mL citral. This study showed that EOLa inhibited nerve excitability and this effect can be explained by the presence of citral in its composition. Both EOLa and citral showed inhibitory actions at lower concentrations compared with other essential oils and constituents with local anesthetic activity. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that EOLa and citral are promising agents in the development of new drugs with local anesthetic activity.

Prácticas de liderazgo y su relación con la cultura en un grupo de países latinoamericanos / Leadership practices and its relationship with the culture in a group of latin american countries

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar, a través del MLQ 5X, los perfiles de liderazgo de 167 directivos de cuatro países latinoamericanos (Perú, Venezuela, Ecuador y Colombia), para observar si a pesar de la similitud cultural se presentan diferencias en los patrones de liderazgo. Se compararon estos perfiles con los obtenidos por otros autores en regiones culturalmente distintas, para finalmente confrontar los resultados con los de otra muestra colombiana. Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en liderazgo, tanto entre países culturalmente distintos, como entre los mismos países latinoamericanos, a pesar de su similitud cultural. Finalmente, la muestra de directivos de este estudio difiere significativamente de la otra muestra colombiana, respecto a algunas variables del MLQ. Se discuten esos hallazgos.

The aim of this study was to analyze, by using the MLQ5X, the leadership profiles of 167 managers from four Latin American countries (Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador and Colombia), to see if there are different patterns of leadership despite cultural similarities. Likewise, these profiles were compared with results obtained by other authors from different regions. Finally, these results were compared with another Colombian sample. Significant differences in leadership were found, both in culturally different countries and in Latin American countries, despite their cultural similarities. Finally, the sample of managers in this study differs significantly from the other Colombian sample, in some variables of the MLQ. These findings are discussed.

Limb immobilization alters functional electrophysiological parameters of sciatic nerve

Immobilization, used in clinical practice to treat traumatologic problems, causes changes in muscle, but it is not known whether changes also occur in nerves. We investigated the effects of immobilization on excitability and compound action potential (CAP) and the ultrastructure of the rat sciatic nerve. Fourteen days after immobilization of the right leg of adult male Wistar rats (n=34), animals were killed and the right sciatic nerve was dissected and mounted in a moist chamber. Nerves were stimulated at a baseline frequency of 0.2 Hz and tested for 2 min at 20, 50, and 100 Hz. Immobilization altered nerve excitability. Rheobase and chronaxy changed from 3.13±0.05 V and 52.31±1.95 µs (control group, n=13) to 2.84±0.06 V and 59.71±2.79 µs (immobilized group, n=15), respectively. Immobilization altered the amplitude of CAP waves and decreased the conduction velocity of the first CAP wave (from 93.63±7.49 to 79.14±5.59 m/s) but not of the second wave. Transmission electron microscopy showed fragmentation of the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve of immobilized limbs and degeneration of the axon. In conclusion, we demonstrated that long-lasting leg immobilization can induce alterations in nerve function.

Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ) armazenadas / Physiological and sanitary quality of fennel seeds stored

A incidência de fungos em sementes interfere negativamente o seu potencial fisiológico, podendo ter início no campo, durante o armazenamento ou na pós-colheita. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de erva-doce armazenadas em diferentes embalagens. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de análise de sementes da UFPB, em Areia-PB. As sementes foram colhidas em plantas tratadas e não tratadas com inseticida Actara, beneficiadas e acondicionadas nas embalagens papel alumínio, saco plástico e vidro. Em seguida, armazenadas em câmara fria durante 315 dias. Inicialmente e a cada 45 dias foram realizados as seguintes determinações e testes: teor de água, emergência de plântulas, primeira contagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e massa seca das plântulas e sanidade das sementes pelo método "blotter-test". Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, os tratamentos foram distribuídos em fatorial 2 x 3 x 8 (com e sem inseticida, 3 embalagens e 8 períodos de avaliação). Os resultados indicam que a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de erva-doce foi principalmente afetada pelo fungo Alternaria sp., ocorrendo a manutenção da viabilidade das sementes por aproximadamente 95 dias na embalagem de saco plástico; a aplicação do inseticida Actara mantém a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de Foeniculum vulgare no armazenamento.

The fungi incidence in seeds affect negatively their physiological potential may begin in the field, during storage or in post-harvest. The objective was to evaluate the sanitary quality of fennel seeds stored in packagings differents. The study was conducted in laboratory analysis of seeds of UFPB, in Areia-PB. Seeds were harvested in experimental field with plants treated and untreated with insecticide Actara, processed and packed in aluminum foil, plastic bag and glass and stored in cold chamber during 315 days. Initially and every 45 days were performed the following tests and determinations: water content, seedling emergence, first count of emergency, emergency speed index, length and seedling dry mass and seed health by the "blotter-test." We used a completely randomized design with four replications, the treatments were distributed in a factorial 2 x 3 x 8. The results indicated that the physiological quality of fennel seeds was negatively affected by the fungus Alternaria sp., occurring at maintaining the viability of seeds for about 95 days in the plastic bag packaging; the application of the insecticide Actara keeps the physiological quality of seeds of Foeniculum vulgare in storage.

Efeito da suplementação com diferentes níveis de selênio orgânico e inorgânico na produção e na composição do leite e no sangue de vacas em lactação / Effects of different sources and levels of selenium supplementation on milk yield and composition and selenium blood concentration in lactating cows

Avaliaram-se o efeito da suplementação de selênio, na dieta ofertada aos animais, sobre a concentração do mineral no sangue e no leite e as alterações nas características físico-químicas, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e produção de leite. O experimento durou 63 dias, dos quais os primeiros 21 foram pré-experimental. Foram utilizadas 32 vacas em lactação da raça Jersey, as quais apresentavam, ao início, peso corporal de 402,5+58,4kg, escore de condição corporal de 3,19+0,31, produção de leite de 10,4+2,1kg e número de dias em lactação de 141,4+69,3. Os tratamentos foram: sem suplementação (grupo-controle); com suplementação de selênio inorgânico 0,3 (dieta-padrão + 0,3mg selenito de sódio/kg de concentrado - SI0,3); com suplementação com selênio orgânico 0,3 (dieta-padrão + 0,3mg seleniometionina/kg de concentrado - SO0,3) e com suplementação de selênio orgânico 0,6 (dieta-padrão + 0,6mg seleniometionina/kg de concentrado - SO0,6). As quantidades totais de selênio das dietas foram, respectivamente, 2,38; 4,18; 4,18 e 5,98mg/dia para os tratamentos controle, SI0,3, SO0,3 e SO0,6. O delineamento experimental foi o completamente ao acaso. O número de dias em lactação e os valores obtidos no início do experimento foram usados como covariáveis. Foram realizadas avaliações da produção de leite, do peso, da condição corporal, da composição do leite e do sangue nos dias 0, 14, 28 e 42 do período experimental. Entre os tratamentos, não foram detectadas alterações quanto à produção de leite, peso, condição corporal, características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do leite, e perfil bioquímico do sangue, exceto em relação à concentração de selênio no sangue entre o tratamento-controle e os tratamentos suplementados. Não houve diferenças quanto aos teores de selênio no sangue entre as fontes de selênio e as doses. Os teores de selênio no sangue evoluíram distintamente durante o experimento conforme a dose e a fonte. A suplementação com selênio ...

The effects of the dietary supplementation with selenium were evaluated on the concentration of the mineral in blood and milk, as well as changes in milk yield, physical and chemical characteristics, and somatic cells count (SCC). The trial lasted 63 days, the first 21 were designed to adaptation of animals to experimental conditions and standard diet. Thirty-two lactating Jersey cows were used and, at the beginning of the trial, they presented body weight of 402.5+58.4kg, body condition score of 3.19+0.31, milk yield of 10.4+2.1kg/day, and 141.4+69.3 days in milking. Treatments were: control (standard diet without added selenium), inorganic selenium (standard diet + 0.3mg sodium selenite/kg concentrate - SI0.3), organic selenium 0.3 (standard diet + 0.3mg selenomethionine/kg concentrate - SO0.3), and organic selenium 0.6 (standard diet + 0.6mg selenomethionine/kg concentrate - SO0.6). Total daily amounts of selenium were 2.38, 4.18, 4.18, and 5.98mg/cow, respectively, for control, SI0.3, SO0.3, and SO0.6 treatments. The trial was conducted as a completely randomized design. The number of days in milking and the values for all attributes measured at the end of the adaptation period were used as covariates. Measurements of body weight and condition score, milk yield and composition, and blood composition were performed on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 of the experimental period. No differences were detected among treatments for milk yield and composition, body weight and condition score, physical-chemical characteristics of milk, somatic cells count, and biochemical profile of the blood, except for Se contents of blood of control compared to supplemented. There were no differences caused by selenium sources or levels. Selenium supplementation did not alter neither milk nor blood components.

A influência da mobilização articular nas tendinopatias dos músculos bíceps braquial e supra-espinal / The influence of joint mobilization on tendinopathy of the biceps brachii and supraspinatus muscles

As causas mais comuns de dor no ombro estão relacionadas às degenerações dos tendões da musculatura do manguito rotador. OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da mobilização articular por meio dos movimentos acessórios do ombro na recuperação inicial de 14 pacientes com tendinopatia crônica dos mm. supra-espinal e/ou bíceps braquial. MÉTODOS: Foram comparados dois protocolos de tratamento, compostos da aplicação de ultra-som terapêutico na área do tendão afetado e de treinamento excêntrico na musculatura envolvida, acompanhados ou não de manobras de mobilização articular. Como métodos de avaliação foram utilizados os questionários de Constant e Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), no início e ao final do tratamento. RESULTADOS: Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que ambos os protocolos de tratamento foram eficazes na reabilitação dos pacientes, pois se obtiveram melhores resultados funcionais na aplicação dos questionários quando comparados o final com o início do tratamento para os pacientes (p<0,001). Os pacientes que foram submetidos à mobilização articular associada ao ultra-som terapêutico e o treinamento excêntrico obtiveram em média melhores escores para os questionários, ocorrendo diferença estatística significante entre os escores finais nos dois grupos para os dois questionários (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Assim ambos os protocolos de tratamento foram eficazes no tratamento da tendinopatia crônica do ombro, sendo que, o uso associado da mobilização articular parece oferecer melhores resultados funcionais.

The most common causes of shoulder pain are related to degeneration of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of joint mobilization by means of accessory movements of the shoulder during the early rehabilitation of 14 patients with chronic tendinopathy of the supraspinatus and/or biceps brachii muscles. METHODS: Two treatment protocols were compared: application of therapeutic ultrasound over the affected tendon area and eccentric training of the musculature involved, with or without joint mobilization maneuvers. The Constant and DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) questionnaires were used as the assessment method, before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The results showed that both treatment protocols were effective for patient rehabilitation, since better functional results were obtained at the end of the treatment, in comparison with the beginning (p<0.001). The patients who underwent joint mobilization in association with therapeutic ultrasound and eccentric training achieved better mean scores in the questionnaires. There was a statistically significant difference in the final scores between the two groups, for both questionnaires (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, both treatment protocols were effective for treating chronic tendinopathy of the shoulder, although their use in association with joint mobilization seems to provide better functional results.

Pancreatitis aguda puerperal tras cesárea / Acute pancreatitis post cesarean section

La pancreatitis aguda es una complicación poco frecuente en el embarazo, pero que presenta una gran morbimortalidad, siendo su prevalencia mayor en el tercer trimestre y puerperio inmediato. Presentamos un caso de pancreatitis aguda post cesárea en una paciente sin antecedentes, a cuyo diagnóstico se llegó por el apoyo de pruebas diagnósticas de imagen. El tratamiento fue llevado por un equipo multidisciplinario que logró la remisión completa de la enfermedad.

Acute pancreatitis is an uncommon complication during pregnancy which is associated with great morbimortality and its prevalence increases during the third trimester and early puerperium. We report a case of acute pancreatitis following to caesarean section in a patient with an unremarkable medical history. Diagnosis was done by means of imaging techniques and its treatment was carried out by a multidisciplinar/ team.

Vulvovaginitis bacteriana en la prepúber / Bacterial vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girl

Considerando la alta incidencia de vulvovaginitis en la consulta de ginecología pediátrica y de adolescentes, y los aspectos únicos de la microbiología y endocrinología de la paciente prepúber se presenta una revisión de la literatura con lo más relevante de los últimos 5 años, en lo que se refiere a epidemiología, etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la vulvovaginitis bacteriana específica de la niña prepúber. No existe claridad acerca de la microflora vaginal normal, lo cual dificulta en gran medida la interpretación de muestras. De acuerdo con la evidencia actual podemos decir que ante la vulvovaginitis específica de la prepúber debemos tener en consideración como principales agentes causales: patógenos respiratorios, epidérmicos y entéricos; higiene defectuosa, cuerpos extraños, irritantes, enfermedades dermatológicas vulvares, defectos anatómicos y abuso sexual. Streptococcus hemolitico del grupo A y Haemophilus influenzae son patógenos prevalentes.

A Polyethylenetherephthalate (PET) device for sampling freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates

Foi utilizado novo dispositivo para amostragem de macroinvertebrados bênticos de água doce num segmento do curso inferior arenoso de um rio brasileiro subtropical (Rio Caí, Triunfo, RS) e de seu pequeno tributário, Arroio Bom Jardim. Neste estudo, a efetividade do amostrador PET foi testada em locais diferentes do rio e do arroio e ao longo das quatro estações do ano, entre 2001-2002. Foram realizadas comparações por PCA e ANOVA, ambos empregando um procedimento "bootstrap" com base em matrizes de similaridade. O amostrador PET é confiável para detecção de diferenças sazonais e espaciais de riqueza, abundância total de organismos e diversidade de Shannon no rio e no arroio, sendo, portanto, recomendável para o monitoramento de comunidades de macroinvertebrados nesse sistema.

A Polyethylenetherephthalate (PET) device for sampling freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates

A new device to sample freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates was used in a low and sandy stretch of a Brazilian sub-tropical river (the River Caí, Triunfo, RS) and in one of its small tributaries, Bom Jardim brook (Arroio Bom Jardim). In this study, the effectiveness of this device, a PET sampler, was tested at different sites in the river and the brook throughout the four seasons between 2001-2002. Comparisons were made by PCA and ANOVA, both employing a bootstrap procedure based on similarity matrices. The PET sampler proved to be a reliable tool for detection of seasonal and spatial differences in richness, total abundance of organisms, and Shannon's diversity index in both river and brook and is therefore recommended for use in the monitoring of macroinvertebrate communities in this system.

Foi utilizado novo dispositivo para amostragem de macroinvertebrados bênticos de água doce num segmento do curso inferior arenoso de um rio brasileiro subtropical (Rio Caí, Triunfo, RS) e de seu pequeno tributário, Arroio Bom Jardim. Neste estudo, a efetividade do amostrador PET foi testada em locais diferentes do rio e do arroio e ao longo das quatro estações do ano, entre 2001-2002. Foram realizadas comparações por PCA e ANOVA, ambos empregando um procedimento "bootstrap" com base em matrizes de similaridade. O amostrador PET é confiável para detecção de diferenças sazonais e espaciais de riqueza, abundância total de organismos e diversidade de Shannon no rio e no arroio, sendo, portanto, recomendável para o monitoramento de comunidades de macroinvertebrados nesse sistema.

Síndrome de Pai: características clínicas e relato de caso / Pai Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics and case report

A síndrome de Pai é uma desordem congênita rara primeiramente descrita em 1987. As principais características clínicas são a presença de fissura mediana do lábio superior, lipoma intracranial de corpo caloso e pólipos cutâneos, principalmente em asa nasal. Na literatura médica somente seis casos desta síndrome foram descritos. Apresenta-se o relato de mais um caso completo da síndrome, enfocando-se a reparação labial e nasal.

Pai syndrome is a rare congenital disorder first described in 1987. The main clinical features are median cleft of the upper lip, intra-cranial lipoma and cutaneous polyps. In literature only six cases of this syndrome have been described. We present the report of another complete case of syndorme, foccusing the lip and nose repair.